What does the term "mise-en-scène" encompass in film?

The term "mise-en-scène" encompasses the arrangement of everything that appears in the frame, including sets, lighting, costumes, and actors. This concept is crucial in film as it shapes how a scene is visually presented and influences the audience's emotional response. By carefully controlling all visual elements within the frame, filmmakers can convey meaning, establish mood, and enhance storytelling.

The correct understanding of mise-en-scène involves recognizing it as a holistic approach to visual composition, where every detail contributes to the overall narrative and aesthetic experience. This stands in contrast to the other options, which focus on isolated elements such as performances, budget, or soundtrack, none of which capture the comprehensive nature of mise-en-scène in film production.