Which film is often credited with starting the modern science-fiction genre?

"Metropolis," directed by Fritz Lang and released in 1927, is often credited with starting the modern science-fiction genre due to its pioneering visual effects and complex narrative structure. This film is notable for its ambitious depiction of a dystopian future, which explores themes of class struggle, technology, and the human condition in a way that resonates with many later science-fiction works.

The elaborate set designs, innovative cinematography, and the use of special effects were groundbreaking for its time, creating a foundation for visual storytelling in science fiction. "Metropolis" influenced not only future sci-fi films but also other genres with its iconic imagery and societal commentary. Its impact can be seen as a critical stepping stone that shaped the aesthetic and thematic elements prevalent in modern science fiction cinema.

While films like "2001: A Space Odyssey," "Blade Runner," and "Star Wars" are also significant in their contributions to the genre, they built upon the groundwork established by silent films like "Metropolis." Each of these subsequent films brought unique innovations and narratives to science fiction, but "Metropolis" remains foundational in the evolution of the genre.