Which filmmaker is often associated with the use of real-time narrative structure?

Alfonso Cuarón is often associated with the use of real-time narrative structure, particularly exemplified in his film "Birdman" where he created a continuous shot effect that immerses the viewer in the unfolding events without noticeable cuts. This technique gives audiences the feeling of experiencing the events as they happen, aligning closely with real-time storytelling.

Cuarón is known for his innovative approach to filmmaking, utilizing long takes and fluid camera movements to enhance the narrative. His works often emphasize realism and the passage of time in a very tangible way, which is a hallmark of real-time structure. This immersive style draws the audience into the moment, enhancing emotional engagement with the characters and their journeys.

In contrast, while the other filmmakers listed have distinctive styles and contributions to cinema, they do not primarily employ real-time narrative structures to the same extent as Cuarón does. Martin Scorsese is known for dynamic storytelling and character-driven plots, Christopher Nolan often plays with non-linear timelines and complex narratives, and Spike Lee integrates social themes with distinct stylistic choices. None of these approaches focus on real-time narratives as prominently as Cuarón's work does.