Which movement is known for its emphasis on realism and social issues in the early 20th century?

Italian Neorealism is recognized for its profound focus on realism and social issues, emerging in the post-World War II era. This movement sought to depict the struggles of everyday life, especially the challenges faced by the poor and working-class individuals. Filmmakers aimed to capture the authenticity of human experiences, often using non-professional actors, real locations, and minimal sets to enhance the sense of realism.

The context of Italian Neorealism highlights its departure from the stylized and glamorous representations found in earlier cinematic movements. Instead, it presented a more honest and sometimes stark portrayal of societal issues, reflecting the tumultuous conditions of Italy during and after the war. This commitment to realism and social comment helped to reshape the landscape of film by influencing future filmmakers around the globe and bringing attention to important social themes.

In contrast, the other movements mentioned did not focus primarily on this blend of realism and social commentary in the same way. The French New Wave was more concerned with innovative narrative and stylistic techniques, German Expressionism emphasized psychological themes and visual distortion, while the Hollywood Golden Age often leaned towards escapism and entertainment rather than addressing pressing social issues. Overall, Italian Neorealism remains a pivotal movement for its direct engagement with the realities